Exploring the Fundamentals: An Introduction to GIT

Git itself doesn’t have a concept of routing like web applications do, but it does have a branching and merging system that allows you to manage different routes or lines of development. Let’s explore some basic Git , Key Concept , Basic Workflow and Popular Services:

1. Basic
2. Key Concepts
3. Basic Git Workflow
4. Popular Git Services

• Basic
  • Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) widely used in software development to track changes in source code and collaborate on projects. 
  • It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 and has since become an essential tool for developers. 
  • Git is known for its speed, flexibility, and powerful branching and merging capabilities.

• Key Concepts
  • Repository (Repo): A Git repository is a folder or directory that contains all the files, history, and metadata for a project. Repositories can be either local (on your computer) or remote (on a server).
  • Commit: A commit is a snapshot of the project’s files at a specific point in time. Each commit has a unique identifier (hash) and a commit message that describes the changes made.
  • Branch: A branch is a new/separate construal of the main repository. It allows you to work on features, bug fixes, or experiments independently without affecting the main codebase.
  • Merge: Git Merge combines file changes from one branch into another. Typically, you merge a feature branch into the main (or “master”) branch when your work is complete and tested.
  • Pull Request (PR): In Git-based collaboration platforms like GitHub or GitLab, a pull request is a way to propose changes to a repository. Others can review your changes before merging them into the main branch.
  • Clone: A Cloning is the procedure of creating a transcribe of code of a remote repository on a local system. This allows you to work on the project locally and push changes back to the remote repository.
  • Fork: Forking is the act of creating a copy of someone else’s repository under your account. It’s often used to contribute to open-source projects.

• Basic Git Workflow
  • Initialization: To start using Git in a project, you typically initialize a Git repository in the project’s root directory using the git init command.
  • Adding Files: You add files to the staging area using the git add command. This prepares them for the next commit.
  • Committing Changes: You commit changes to the repository using the git commit command. Messages should be meaningful on every commit code that shows changes made on file.  
  • Creating Branches: You create branches using the git branch command. You can change the branch using git checkout.
  • Working on Branches: You make changes to your code on the branch, add, and commit as needed.
  • Merging Branches: When your work on a branch is complete, you can merge it back into the main branch (e.g., master) using the git merge command.
  • Pushing and Pulling: To synchronize your local repository with a remote one, you use git push to send your changes and git pull to get changes from the remote repository.
  • Handling Conflicts: Conflicts can occur when merging if Git cannot automatically resolve differences between branches. You have to identify the conflicts and need to resolve them manually.  

• Popular Git Services
  • GitHub: A program line hosting platform for interpretation control and collaboration.
  • GitLab: Another web-based platform similar to GitHub but with additional features, including self-hosted options.
  • Bitbucket: A web-based platform that provides Git and Mercurial code repositories.